China agreed to invest $400 billion in Iran over 25 years in exchange for a steady supply of oil to fuel its growing economy under a sweeping economic and security agreement signed on Saturday.

根据周六签署的一揽子经济和安全协议，中国同意在25年内向伊朗投资4000亿美元，以换取稳定的石油供应，为其不断增长的经济提供动力。

The deal could deepen China’s influence in the Middle East and undercut American efforts to keep Iran isolated. But it was not immediately clear how much of the agreement can be implemented while the U.S. dispute with Iran over its nuclear program remains unresolved.

President Biden has offered to resume negotiations with Iran over the 2015 nuclear accord that his predecessor, President Donald J. Trump, abrogated three years after it was signed. American officials say both countries can take synchonized steps to bring Iran into compliance with the terms of the agreement while the United States gradually lifts sanctions.

Iran has refused to do so, and China has backed it up, demanding that the United States act first to revive the deal it broke by lifting unilateral sanctions that have suffocated the Iranian economy. China was one of five world powers that, along with the U.S., signed the 2015 nuclear agreement with Iran.

The foreign ministers of the two countries, Javad Zarif and Wang Yi, signed the agreement during a ceremony at the foreign ministry in Tehran on Saturday, according to Iran’s semiofficial Fars News Agency. That capped a two-day visit by Mr. Wang that reflected China’s growing ambition to play a larger role in a region that has been a strategic preoccupation of the United States for decades.

据伊朗半官方的法尔斯通讯社(Fars News Agency)报道，两国外长贾瓦德·扎里夫(Javad Zarif)和王毅周六在德黑兰的外交部举行的仪式上签署了该协议。协议的签署为王毅为期两天的访问画上了句号，此次访问反映了中国日益增长的雄心，要在这个几十年来一直是美国战略重点的地区发挥更大作用。

“China firmly supports Iran in safeguarding its state sovereignty and national dignity,” Mr. Wang said in his meeting with President Hassan Rouhani, the Chinese foreign ministry reported. The United States, Mr. Wang said, should immediately rescind its sanctions on Iran and “remove its long arm of jurisdictional measures that have been aimed at China, among others.”

Iran did not make the details of the agreement public before the signing, nor did the Chinese government give specifics. But experts said it was largely unchanged from an 18-page draft obtained last year by The New York Times.

That draft detailed $400 billion of Chinese investments to be made in dozens of fields, including banking, telecommunications, ports, railways, health care and information technology, over the next 25 years. In exchange, China would receive a regular — and, according to an Iranian official and an oil trader, heavily discounted — supply of Iranian oil.

该草案详细列出了中国未来25年在包括银行、电信、港口、铁路、医疗保健和信息技术在内的数十个领域投资4000亿美元。作为交换，中国将获得稳定的伊朗石油供应，并且根据一名伊朗官员和一位石油贸易商的说法，石油价格含有大幅折扣。

The draft also called for deepening military cooperation, including joint training and exercises, joint research and weapons development and intelligence-sharing.

草案还呼吁深化军事合作，包括联合训练和演习、共同武器研发和情报共享。

Iranian officials touted the agreement with Beijing — first proposed by China’s leader, Xi Jinping, during a 2016 visit — as a breakthrough. But it has been met with criticism inside Iran that the government could be giving too much away to China.

Hesamoddin Ashena, a top adviser to President Rouhani, called the deal “an example of a successful diplomacy” on Twitter, saying it was a sign of Iran’s power “to participate in coalitions, not to remain in isolation.” He called it “an important decree for long-term cooperation after long negotiations and joint work.”

鲁哈尼总统的高级顾问赫萨莫丁·阿希纳(Hesamoddin Ashena)在Twitter上称该交易为“成功外交的典范”，是伊朗“参与联盟，不再孤立”的力量的标志。他称这是“经过长期谈判和共同努力，为达成长期合作所作的一项重要决定”。

A spokesman for Iran’s foreign ministry, Saeed Khatibzadeh, called the document a “complete road map” of relations for the next quarter century.

伊朗外交部发言人赛义德·哈蒂布扎德(Saeed Khatibzadeh)称该文件是下一个25年关系的“完整路线图”。

Mr. Wang has already visited Iran’s archrival, Saudi Arabia, as well as Turkey, and is scheduled to go to the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Oman in the days ahead. He has said that the region is at a crossroads and offered China’s help in resolving persistent disputes, including over Iran’s nuclear program.

王毅已经访问了伊朗的主要对手沙特阿拉伯和土耳其，并计划在未来几天前往阿拉伯联合酋长国、巴林和阿曼。他说，该地区正处于十字路口，中国愿意为解决包括伊朗核计划在内的长期争端提供帮助。

China is even ready to play host to direct talks between the Israelis and the Palestinians, hinting that American dominance in the region has hindered peace and development.

中国甚至准备好做引导巴以对话的东道主，暗示美国在该地区的支配地位已阻碍了和平与发展。

In Iran, opinions about China’s expanding influence have been mixed.

在伊朗，人们关于中国不断扩大的影响力持有不同观点。

After Mr. Xi first proposed the strategic agreement during his visit in 2016, negotiations to complete it moved slowly, at first. Iran had just reached its deal with the United States and other nations to ease economic sanctions in exchange for severe restrictions on its nuclear research activities, and European companies began flocking to Iran with investments and offers of joint partnerships to develop gas and oil fields.

习近平在2016年访问期间首次提出战略协议后，为达成协议而进行的谈判起初进展缓慢。伊朗刚刚与美国和其他国家达成协议，以对其核研究活动的严格限制换取放宽经济制裁，而欧洲公司开始通过投资和提供开发天然气和油田的合作伙伴关系涌向伊朗。

Those opportunities evaporated after Mr. Trump withdrew the United States from the deal and imposed new sanctions that the Europeans feared could entangle them, forcing Iran to look east.

欧洲国家担心制裁可能使自己陷入困境，在特朗普将美国退出协议并实施新的制裁之后，那些合作机会蒸发了，伊朗被迫转向东方。

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader, ordered a revival of talks with China, appointing a trusted conservative politician and former speaker of Parliament, Ali Larijani, as a special envoy.

伊朗最高领导人阿亚图拉阿里·哈梅内伊(Ayatollah Ali Khamenei)要求与中国恢复对话，任命他信赖的保守派政治人士、前议长阿里·拉里贾尼(Ali Larijani)为特使。

“China is a friend for hard times,” said Mr. Zarif, the foreign minister, said after signing the deal. “The history of cooperation between two ancient cultures of Iran and China dates back centuries. Signing the cooperation agreement will further strengthen the ties of the two nations.”

“中国是患难时期的朋友，”外交部长扎里夫在签署协议后说。“伊朗和中国两个文明古国之间的合作历史可以追溯到几个世纪以前。签署合作协议将进一步加强两国之间的联系。”

Critics have complained that the negotiations lacked transparency and called the deal a sellout of Iran’s resources, comparing it to one-sided agreements that China has made with countries like Sri Lanka.

批评人士抱怨说，谈判缺乏透明度，并称该交易是在出卖伊朗的资源，将其与中国与斯里兰卡等国达成的单方面协议相提并论。

Supporters of the deal said that Iran had to be pragmatic and recognize China’s growing economic prominence.

该协议的支持者则表示，伊朗必须务实，并承认中国日益增长的经济地位。

“For too long in our strategic alliances, we have put all our eggs in the basket of the West, and it did not yield results,” said Ali Shariati, an economic analyst who until recently was a member of Iran’s Chamber of Commerce. “Now, if we shift policy and look at the East, it won’t be so bad.”

“在我们的战略联盟中，长期以来，我们一直把所有的鸡蛋都放在西方的篮子里，却没有取得成果，”经济分析师阿里·沙里亚蒂(Ali Shariati)表示。“现在，如果我们改变政策并把目光投向东方，应该不会太糟。”

It remains to be seen how many of the ambitious projects detailed in the agreement will materialize. If the nuclear agreement collapses entirely, Chinese companies, too, could face secondary sanctions from Washington, an issue that has infuriated China in the past.

该协议中详述的许多雄心勃勃的项目将有多少会实现，目前还有待观察。如果核协议完全崩解，中国公司也将面临华盛顿的次级制裁，这一问题过去曾激怒中国。

The American prosecution of the Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei includes accusations that the company was furtively trading with Iran in violation of those sanctions.

Chinese officials have emphasized that both Washington and Tehran needed to take steps to resolve the nuclear dispute.

中国官员强调，华盛顿和德黑兰都需要采取步骤解决核问题。

“All the parties can consider an approach of synchronized reciprocity, creating a road map for restoring observance of the agreement,” Mr. Wang said in the talks with his Iranian counterpart, Mr. Zarif. “There can be efforts to achieve initial gains, creating the conditions for relaunching the whole agreement.”

“各方可考虑按照同步对等思路，形成恢复履约的路线图，”王毅在与伊朗外长扎里夫的会谈中说。“同时致力于实现早期收获，为全面协议的重启营造条件。”