SRINAGAR, Kashmir — Their soldiers have fought with fists, rocks and wooden clubs along a disputed frontier high in the Himalayas. Both India and China have said they don’t want a war, but the brawls led them to move thousands of soldiers to inhospitable terrain.

克什米爾斯利那加——在喜馬拉雅山高處中印存在爭議的邊境地帶，士兵們徒手肉搏，或用石塊或木棒短兵相接。印度和中國均表示不希望發生戰爭，但鬥毆使雙方將數千名士兵部署到這片荒涼的地方。

Now, the two nuclear-armed neighbors appear to be moving toward de-escalation after a conflict that endangered regional stability, with officials from both sides agreeing to pull back soldiers from friction points along their disputed border in the Ladakh region.

在經歷了一場危及地區穩定的衝突後，這兩個擁有核武器的鄰國現在似乎正在走向緩和。中印軍方同意從拉達克地區存在爭議的邊境沿線的衝突點撤軍。

“The Indian and Chinese troops in the area of Gogra-Hot Springs have begun to disengage in a coordinated and planned way, which is conducive to the peace and tranquility in the border areas,” India’s Defense Ministry said on Thursday in a statement that the Chinese government also issued in almost identical form.

印度國防部週四在一份聲明中說：「印度和中國軍隊在戈格拉—溫泉地區已經開始以協調、有計劃的方式進行撤離，這有利於邊境地區的和平與安寧。」中國政府也發布了內容幾乎相同的聲明。

The border tensions escalated after India unilaterally stripped its part of the disputed Kashmir region of its semiautonomous status in August 2019. China, which also controls a portion of Kashmir, started a troop buildup along its side of the border with Ladakh, which had been part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir before New Delhi split the region. (Pakistan also controls part of Kashmir.)

2019年8月，印度單方面廢除了有爭議的克什米爾地區的半自治地位後，邊境緊張局勢隨之升級。同樣控制著克什米爾部分地區的中國開始在它與拉達克搭界的邊境一側集結軍隊。在新德里分割拉達克之前，該地區屬於查謨和克什米爾邦的領土。（巴基斯坦也控制著克什米爾的一部分。）

Beijing called India’s decision to cement its control over Kashmir “illegal and invalid.” India responded by saying it was an internal matter.

北京稱印度加強對克什米爾控制的決定是「非法的、無效的」。印度回應說這是該國內政。

Months later, in June 2020, Indian and Chinese soldiers squared off after China’s military moved tens of thousands of troops and artillery to disputed areas, including the strategic Galwan Valley. Fighting between the two sides left 20 Indian soldiers and an unknown number of Chinese troops dead in the worst border clash between the two nations since 1967.

幾個月後，印度和中國士兵在2020年6月展開了對峙，此前，中國軍隊向包括戰略要地加勒萬河谷在內的爭議地區調動了數萬名軍隊和大炮。雙方士兵的鬥毆導致20名印度士兵和數量不詳的中國軍人喪生，這是兩國自1967年以來最嚴重的邊境衝突。

Not a single shot was fired, following a longstanding code against using firearms, but the soldiers went at each other with fists, some possibly studded with nails or wrapped in barbed wire.

雙方遵循長期以來不得用槍的規定，沒打一槍一彈，但士兵們互相肉搏，有些人可能使用了狼牙棒。

Since a major war in 1962, China and India have largely contained disputes through talks and treaties. Over the decades, there have been flare-ups along the 2,100-mile frontier between the two countries, which is referred to as the Line of Actual Control and is not well defined. But they did not result in a major escalation.

自1962年的重大戰爭以來，中印之間主要是通過談判和條約來控制爭端。幾十年來，兩國之間約4000公里的分界線一直衝突不斷，這條沒有明確界定的分界線被稱為實際控制線。但這些衝突未導致局勢的重大升級。

After that changed dramatically two years ago, the two sides looked to ease tensions, holding 16 rounds of commander-level talks, the last one in July.

兩年前，情況發生了戲劇性變化後，雙方為緩和緊張局勢，舉行了16輪指揮官級會談，最後一次是在7月。

After the announcement of the pullback in Gogra-Hot Springs, India’s Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement on Friday that “the two sides have agreed to cease forward deployments in this area in a phased, coordinated and verified manner, resulting in the return of the troops of both sides to their respective areas.”

在宣布撤出戈格拉—溫泉地區後，印度外交部於週五在一份聲明中表示，「雙方已同意以分階段、協調和核實的方式停止在該地區的推進部署，使雙方部隊返回各自地區。」

Mao Ning, a spokeswoman for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said at a regular briefing on Friday afternoon: “China firmly safeguards its sovereignty and territorial integrity. This position has not changed in any way. It is very firm.”

中國外交部發言人毛寧在週五下午的例行記者會上說：「中國堅決維護自己的主權和領土完整。這個立場沒有任何改變。它非常堅定。」

She added: “China is committed to resolving differences through dialogue and consultation. This is why we have been in communication with India on border issues through diplomatic and military channels.”

她還說：「中方致力於通過對話和協商處理分歧。這就是為什麼雙方通過外交和軍事管道一直就此保持著溝通。」

Deependra Singh Hooda, a retired lieutenant general who led India’s Northern Command, which covers Kashmir and part of the Chinese border, warned that the announcement had not completely ended the conflict.

印度北方司令部的負責範圍覆蓋克什米爾和部分中國邊境，曾領導該司令部的退役中將迪彭德拉·辛格·胡達警告，這一宣布並未徹底結束雙方的衝突。

He said that there were places where Chinese soldiers remained in place, and that if Indian soldiers were stopped from patrolling their own areas, that implied those areas were under the control of China.

他說，有些地方的中國士兵仍然留在原地，如果印度士兵被阻止在自己的地區巡邏，那就意味著這些地區在中國的控制之下。

Still, “this is a positive development,” Mr. Hooda said, adding that while the full nature of the agreement was unclear, “at least troops have gotten separated.”

儘管如此，胡達說：「這是一個積極的進展。」他還說，雖然協議的全面性質尚不清楚，但「至少把兩國軍隊分開了」。

The announcement came a week before the leaders of India and China will attend the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit meeting in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

這一消息的發布正值印中領導人將出席在烏茲別克斯坦撒馬爾罕舉行的上海合作組織峰會一週前。

It will be the first time that Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India and Xi Jinping, China’s leader, will be under one roof since the deadly clash.

這將是自那次致命衝突以來，印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪和中國領導人習近平的首次會面。

Both Mr. Xi and Mr. Modi increasingly risked allowing the conflict to spin out of control as they took increasingly assertive postures, moving thousands of troops into the disputed region. Indian politicians, including Mr. Modi, have made several visits to the Ladakh region. During one, Mr. Modi donned a military jacket to address soldiers.

隨著習近平和莫迪採取了越來越強硬的姿態，將數千名軍隊部署到有爭議的地區，衝突失控的風險越來越大。包括莫迪在內的印度政界人士多次訪問拉達克地區。有一次，莫迪還穿上軍裝向士兵講話。

As the standoff has grown, India has increased its focus on Ladakh, spending millions of dollars to build roads along its side of the Chinese border, particularly in areas where its positioning was weak and China had a terrain advantage.

隨著對峙的加劇，印度加大了對拉達克的關注，斥資數百萬美元在沿中國邊境的印度一側修建道路，尤其是在中方具有地形優勢而自己處於劣勢的地區。

Among the remaining contention points between the two armies is an eastern region called the Depsang Plains. Military analysts said that the Chinese Army was not allowing Indian troops to patrol in that area, even though they have done so for decades. While India’s military is already stretched thin, said Saurav Jha, editor in chief of the Delhi Defense Review, it still needs to keep up a permanent patrol to deter China.

兩軍之間尚未解決的爭端點，包括位於東部地區的德普桑平原。軍事分析人士說，中國軍隊不允許印度軍隊在該地區巡邏，儘管他們已經巡邏了幾十年。《德里防務評論》(Delhi Defense Review)的主編紹拉夫·賈哈表示，雖然印度的軍隊已經達到極限，但它仍需要長期保持巡邏以威懾中國。

Konchok Stanzin, a local politician from eastern Ladakh, said the announcement would ease worries among people in the region. But local shepherds have lost grazing areas as the land has become buffer zones, he said.

來自拉達克東部的當地政治人物貢覺·斯坦津表示，這一宣布將緩解該地區人民的擔憂。但他說，當地牧羊人已經失去了放牧區，因為它們已經成為了緩衝區。

“If there is complete disengagement, people will feel good about it,” he said. “Peace is important for emotional well-being of the people.”

「如果能夠完全脫離接觸，人們會覺得很好，」他說。「和平對於人們的情緒健康很重要。」